Healing Combat Trauma

Martin Luther King Jr Had a Dream for Combat Veterans, Too

Martin Luther King Jr., from a speech delivered exactly one year before he was assassinated in Memphis, Tenn.:

"This business of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation's homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice and love." -- Martin Luther King Jr, speech at Riverside Church in New York City, April 4, 1967. 

Editor's note: A link to the online text and audio of his full speech is here.

Honoring Women Veterans Who Served and Suffered

October 12th through 16th is "Military Rape Awareness Week." In observation of that, the story of Colleen Mussolino, as retold by veterans advocate Susan Avila-Smith:

In Memory of Colleen Mussolino, Women Veteran Trailblazer

"I wanted to be an aviation engineer," Mussolino said.  "The recruiter said I could get into the program, but I found out that was closed to women." Instead she became a cook.  Soon the young WAC would find out just how differently women were regarded in the military.  On December 29, 1965, Colleen was raped by four men and left for dead.  She spent one night in the hospital and was sent right back to her barracks.  Colleen was treated like a prisoner of war, interrogated and was blackballed on the post trying to force her to sign a paper that she would not prosecute. Threatened with a dishonorable discharge, Mussolino signed the paper and was honorably discharged in March 1967.

For the next 20 years, Mussolino raised two sons, and lived her life.  But as time went by, the traumatic assault that was supposed to be covered up and forgotten began to take its toll.  "I was getting more and more short-tempered," Mussolino said. "My temper was just bad."  One day, while fishing with a World War II veteran, he told her she was entitled to veterans benefits.  She applied and began to receive benefits. She also joined a women's support group at the Brooklyn, N.Y. VA Medical Center.  "I was looking for other women who went through what I went through," Mussolino said. "Your civilian counterparts have no clue."

Women Veterans of America
With talk of the war breaking out in the Persian Gulf, she realized more women would be involved in combat than ever before.  In response, she co-founded Women Veterans of America to offer support and attention to the issues facing women in the military.  "The transition from military to civilian life is difficult," Mussolino said. "Once the uniform goes on, it never comes off." Their mission: Information and support for women veterans; liaision to government agencies; obtaining veterans' benefits and health care; advocacy in local and national isues affecting women veteran and women serving in the military. Pressure on Congress and the Department of Defense to cahnge the Uniform Code of Military Justice to include a fair avenue for victims of assault and rape to be able to report their cases and get their day in court. Punish those who perpetrate such crimes and offer protection from intimidation and threats for women who report the assaults. "The repercussions from the way the victims are treated only adds to the problem and can cause severe PTSD symptoms," the statement reads. "The UCMJ does not protect the victim, but instead rewards some perpetrators with promotion, and does not punish except with a slap on the wrist and a finger shaken in the face it continues.  It is difficult for many to fathom the emotional and physical turmoil that the men and women of the armed forces are put through.  To add sexual assault to the burden is unconscionable."

In November 1996, reports of sexual harrassment and sexual assault against women at the Army Proving Ground in Aberdeen, M.D., prompted "20/20" to put together an investigative piece on the military's handling of sexual assault.  A member of Women Veterans of America wrote to 20/20 about her own experience. "She was afraid to be interviewed because she had been given death threats," Mussolino said.  Instead, Mussolino agreed to share her own story of sexual assault and cover-up in the military with Peter Jennings. "I figured if anything came out of it, women would know they are not alone, and there is help," Mussolino said.  "Not only women are raped, but men are raped. The story seemed to validate them, too." During the show's airing, the Department of Veterans Affairs made a toll-free number available for women to call in for counseling.  "Over 3,000 women called that night from all diferent wars and branches of service," Mussolino said.  "The Department of Veterans Affairs realized more had to be done for women veterans." "A lot of Vietnam veteran women in this country don't come forward," said Mussolino.  They don't talk about it.  Those are the ones I want to reach. There is help. There is therapy by talking to a brother or a sister."

Despite her disabilities which have put her in a wheelchair, she would be at every significant event for MST and Vietnam vets, and was the primary point of contact for the media since the early 1970s.  Since Colleen's terminal illness, Women Veterans of America "decided that WVA is taking too much time on the issue of MST, and has dropped it from their services."

PTSD from Military Sexual Trauma (MST) is caused by sexual harrassment, rape and intimidation, or any improper sexual behavior.  Perpetrators often go unpunished, and have no "record" in an effort to play down the prevalence of assault and harrassment.

Editor's note: There's a "fan page" for Colleen Mussolino on Facebook, linked here.

"Not Victims, but Veterans": Max Cleland Writes an Open Letter to Other Combat Veterans

Max Cleland, decorated Vietnam war hero, triple amputee, head of the Department of Veterans Affairs under President Carter, and PTSD sufferer, who came to that knowledge in later life, decades after his military service, has written a new book, called Heart of a Patriot: How I Found the Courage to Survive Vietnam, Walter Reed and Karl Rove.

There was an interview with Cleland on NPR's Morning Edition yesterday, October 6, 2009, linked here.

But most interesting for our purposes -- since this blog is about combat veterans and PTSD -- is the "open letter" to other veterans that Cleland writes, and which is excerpted as part of the NPR piece.

"As combat veterans," he writes, "we have been through some of the most traumatic life experiences possible. War is as close to hell on earth as anything ever could be. That does make us different from our loved ones back home. War marks us all, some more deeply than others."

There's some wonderful, heart-felt expression in this letter:

"The soldier's lot is to be exposed to traumatic, life-threatening events — happenings that take us to places no bodies, minds, or souls should ever visit. It is a journey to the dark places of life — terror, fear, pain, death, wounding, loss, grief, despair, and hopelessness. We have been traumatized physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. Some of us cope with exposure to hell better than others. Some are able to think of their combat experiences as but unpleasant vignettes in a long and wonderful life. It is not to those veterans I am speaking. I love them, but I am not afraid for them.

I am speaking to the rest of my brothers and sisters, those who find themselves trapped in the misery of memories as I was for so long. For them, I am afraid.To those veterans I say, you are not alone.

Many of us have been overwhelmed by war. Many of us have been unable to cope on our own with what has happened to us or with what we have done. Many of us have been left hopeless, lost, and confused about ourselves and our lives in ways we never thought possible.

That does not make us victims. It makes us veterans."

The rest of the open letter is equally wonderful, and well worth reading. In it, Cleland talks about his own personal highs and lows, what he understands about PTSD and his own case, and what has helped him get through. It's clear the concern and caring he feels for other combat vets. The letter is linked here.

More Vietnam Veteran Suicides Than Combat Deaths -- Poem

Miles of Bones

"58,000 suicides
is a lot of bullets

wrecked car's
ruined veins

dead bottles
kids without fathers

American flags

& miles of dirt dug

58,000
the number of Vietnam

veteran suicides...
it equals the names

on the Wall
today: 7/09/91 8:10 p.m.

tomorrow
we'll exceed it

more suicide
than combat death

If you can't feel
this pain

you're already
dead

all these
bodies

floating
home."

-- by Bill Shields.  Anthologized in "From Both Sides Now: The Poetry of the Vietnam War and Its Aftermath," Edited by Philip Mahony.

Editor's note: Sadly, of course, since the time this poem was written, many more Vietnam veterans and other combat veterans have taken their own lives.

Barrenness of Survival

"I'd sooner be a fallen pine cone this winter
In a cradle of cold New England rock,
Less hurt in it than nineteen years.
What an exit! Stage left, fronds waving,
Cut down running my ass off at a tree line.
I'm thinking, as I hear my chest
Sucking air through its brand new nipple,
I bought the ticket, I hope I drown fast,
The pain is all in living."

-- Excerpt from "Morning -- A Death," by Basil T. Paquet. Anthologized in "Carrying the Darkness: American Indochina -- The Poetry of the Vietnam War," edited by W.D. Ehrhart.

In the Meantime: Between Combat and Death

"Listen:

Death is a goddamned disgrace.

It has no respect

for beauty or for wit

or for a lifetime

of survivor’s experience –

so why should I show

any respect for it?

          Death will catch me

          in due time,

          but until then

          the time is mine."

-- from "The Peace Monument," by Jan Barry. Anthologized in "From Both Sides Now: The Poetry of the Vietnam War and Its Aftermath," Edited by Philip Mahony.

Wry Reminscence of Combat Vet on His Peer Group

Peer Group

"me & the boys got the highest rate

of alcoholism & drug abuse & divorce

& mental illness & suicide

than any other group

in America.

It’s good to see us win

for a change."

-- by Bill Shields. Anthologized in "From Both Sides Now: The Poetry of the Vietnam War and Its Aftermath," Edited by Philip Mahony.

Trust and Mistrust -- One Combat Veteran (and Poet's) Point of View

"On all sides of the issues
on both sides of the ocean,
veterans mistrust anyone in a position to lie;
Wives, girlfriends, government officials,
salesmen, lawyers, and the rich.

Veterans trust dogs,
children under twelve,
masturbation,
the chair facing the door
and any weapon in the dark."

-- From "In Victory or Defeat," a poem by Steve Mason, Vietnam combat veteran, former Army captain, former "poet laureate" of the Vietnam Veterans of America. Mason passed away in May of 2005. (His obituary from the L.A. Times is linked here.)

For One Veteran, Writing His Story is "An Act of Spiritual Renewal"

If you're a combat veteran and in the Buffalo, NY area, you might enjoy checking out the writers group at the VA Western New York Healthcare System.  Led by a Vietnam vet, "participants can share their stories and offer each other suggestions to improve the readability of their experiences. The group meets on the first and third Monday of every month from 1:30 to 3:30 p. m. at 3495 Bailey Avenue, Room 422b, Buffalo, NY 14215." All veterans "interested in writing their story" are encouraged to attend.

---
We've talked about writing as catharsis before on this blog, many times, but the above item comes from an opinion piece called "Recording War Stories Allows Spiritual Renewal," published July 5 in the Buffalo News, and linked here.  In it, the unnamed veteran (maybe the print version of the story contains his name; the online version does not) says plainly, "We veterans should break our silence and write about the unspeakable events. I’ve written my stories and they’re more than just about me."

In the short opinion piece, he talks about the deaths of three of his friends in Vietnam, and how "documenting unspeakable memories" like these, "labeling those events and feelings with words and closing the cover" on those stories "is cathartic. The result is a spiritual renewal, a freedom that allows me to choose when to open and close the past while trying to live in the present."

Writing sounds like it's cathartic for this veteran, but it's also a concrete way for him to give honor to the lives of those he loved, and misses.

Virginia Not Just for Lovers This Summer: Also for Vietnam Veterans and Their Families

The Virginia Historical Society is pleased to offer free admission for everyone this summer! From June 6 to August 30, the VHS is displaying three exhibitions about the Vietnam era. The society is offering complimentary admission as a way to honor military personnel who served in the Vietnam War and their families.

On Display / Current Exhibitions:

• Soul Soldiers: African Americans and the Vietnam Era through August 30, 2009

Soul Soldiers: African Americans and the Vietnam Era explores the issues, actions, reactions, and expressions of life and culture of African Americans as they were affected by the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War. Over 160 artifacts, photographs, audio recordings, songs, oral histories, and an original documentary on display in this award-winning exhibition show how events in the 1960s helped frame African American political and social perspectives that extended beyond civil rights. The roles of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Colin Powell, Jimi Hendrix, and many others are explored, as well as the 9,000 women who served as nurses and in clerical and support positions during the war. Soul Soldiers was organized by the Senator John Heinz History Center in Pittsburgh, Pa.

• Marking Time: Voyage to Vietnam through August 30, 2009

Marking Time: Voyage to Vietnam features a cache of Vietnam War soldier art of striking importance and poignancy. Soldiers and Marines on the ship USNS General Nelson M. Walker, bound for Vietnam in 1967, inscribed graffiti phrases and images on the bottom sides of canvas bunks in the troop compartments. Men wrote their name and hometown, the date they expected to leave the service, and kept day-by-day calendars to mark the progress of the voyage. Original graffiti-covered canvases—discovered in the process of scrapping the vessel in 2005—display messages of patriotism, politics, humor, anxiety, and love. Marking Time was organized by the Vietnam Graffiti Project in Keswick, Va.

• A Vietnam POW's Story through August 30, 2009

Bring Paul Home: Phyllis Galanti and Vietnam War POWs is based on the collection given to the Virginia Historical Society by Richmond resident Phyllis Galanti. Her husband, Paul, was a lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy when his plane was shot down over Vietnam on June 17, 1966. Mr. Galanti was a Prisoner of War (POW) until February 12, 1973. Pictures, letters, pamphlets, buttons, and posters from the donated collection show Mrs. Galanti's efforts, and those of the National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia, to publicize the plight of their loved ones and to secure their release. "I think these exhibitions will be of interest to visitors, especially those who lived through the 1960s and 1970s, because they will be able to personally relate to the topics covered in all three shows," Levengood said. "It is the perfect opportunity for parents and grandparents to bring their children and grandchildren to learn about events that had a huge impact on American society, politics, and culture—and they can see it all for free!"

The Virginia Historical Society is located at 428 N. Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23220 Tel.: (804) 358.4901. The Museum is open from Tuesday–Saturday 10–5 and on Sunday 1–5 (galleries & shop only).

The Story of Virginia, An American Experience, a 10,000-square-foot exhibition with more than a thousand objects covering all of Virginia history from prehistoric times to the present is featured in the Robins Center for Virginia History. Hours: Tuesday–Saturday 10 am–5 pm and Sunday 1 pm–5pm (Museum Galleries and Shop only). Admission: $5/adults, $4/seniors 55+ ($2/Tuesdays–galleries only), $3/children and students, free/members. Admission to the galleries is free on Sundays. For group tour information, call (804) 342-9652. For more information, please call (804) 358-4901 or visit www.vahistorical.org.

Editor's note: For further information about these and other exhibits at the museum, please click here. (And thanks, Merri, for letting me know about this!)